What is Macro? (IT Tools & Business System)

Macro (Alt+F8)- Macro is word recorder which record our whole text. It record the text until we press the stop button. We can also assign any shortcut key for new macro. 

Syntax- create new macro-click tool menu- macro- record new macro- window will open- type the macro name in text box and press OK button. 

Syntax- Click tools menu- macro- run micro- dialog box will open run.

Border And Shading. (IT Tools & Business System)

Border and Shading:- Border is selected for paragraph, whole text in the document. 
                             There are many types of border is available we can select as our requirement. 

Shading:- Shading can we added with paragraph or without paragraph. we can shade with different colour. 

Syntax:- Format menu-border and shading-dialog box will open-select the border as our requirement.

Bullet and Numbering. (IT Tools & Business System)

Bullet and Numbering (Ctrl+shift+L)-  
                                                               Bullet and numbering is used to describe the text in brief and point wise with the help of bullet and numbering we make a document look attractive. It also help to define a series of important items in point form. 

Syntax:-   Format menu-bullet and numbering- dialog box will open select the bullet as our requirement.

Spelling and Grammer Checker tools. (IT Tools & Business System)

Spelling and Grammar checker tools (F7)-  MS-WORD  has a built in dictionary and per-defined grammatical tools to  check the document. Miss pelt word can be seen with a single Red Wavy line near them. where as grammatical error a Indicated with a green wavy line. MS-WORD has a excellent feature to create error pre-document with the help of spelling and grammar checker tools. 

syntax- tools menu--spelling and grammar 

step for checking spelling in MS-WORD-

STEP 1- Right click on the word with a red wavy line. 
STEP 2- A small menu open with different suggestions. 
STEP 3- Click on the word with the correct spelling in  the suggestion list. 
STEP 4- The incorrect word will be replaced with the correct spelling. 

What is Hyperlink? (IT Tools & Business System)

Hyperlink- If we can navigate from one page to another page then we use hyperlink option. it is used for creating between any document or page. We can also make a hyperlink on email-id, image also. 

Syntax- insert menu-hyperlink-file dialog box will open- select the file from dialog box that we want to open for hyperlink and press OK button. 

What is Hard Disk? (IT Tools & Business System)

Hard Disk- Hard disk is magnetic is a magnetic disk that is made of metal and covered with a magnetic recording surface. It is  the drive of the main location. where all the data is physical storage. Hard disk drive consist of spinning platters of aluminium that is coated with a magnetic media. A single hard disk usually Consist of several platter. The capacity of hard disk is range from 10 GB TO 4.7 TB. 

Platters- The Actual fixed Disk with in the Hard disk drive. There can be several platters with in hard drive. 

Sector- Track is divided in to equal sector. 

cylinder- Track of the same diameter on each platters is called cylinder. 

magnetic tape- It is a sequential access storage device that means data is read in serial manner. 

What is Secondary Memory? (IT Tools & Business System)

Secondary Memory- Secondary memory stores large amount of data and information. It is a permanent type of memory. It stores all the information physically in logical drive. It is also called external memory. It is a slower than primary memory. 

there are different types of secondary storage media-

1. PD (Pen Drive)- It is  a flash memory storage device. it is a portable (easy to carry) and removable drive. It is just like a pen show it is called pen drive for using PD USB Port is Necessary. 

2. Optical Disk- Optical Disk is an advance technology for data storage. Optical disk is a disk that is read and write by laser beam. 

There are different types of Optical Disk-

1. CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory)- This kind of secondary memory device is an optical disk that is written upon only once by the user. It is a removable disk. It is a small optical disk in which laser beam is used to store and read information. It is circular Disk with a 4.75 Inch diameter. Data storage capacity of CD IS 700 MB. 

2. DVD (Digital Video/Versatile Disk)-  It is popular data storage device because we of its high storage capacity. It can store text, audio, video, Image, software, data, games, and movie. It store extremely high storage data than CD. maximum data storage capacity of DVD is 4.7 GB. 

Magnetic Disk- There are two types of magnetic Disk.

1. Floppy Disk- Floppy Disk is a circular plastic disk that is divided in to track and sector. It is a removable and re-writable Disk. It is a magnetic Disk that is made a plastic and coated with magnetic Oxide. 
            there are two sizes of Floppy disk is available. 

1. 5.25 inch
2. 3.5 inch

maximum data storage capacity of floppy disk is 1.44 MB. 

What is Memory? (IT Tools & Business System)

Memory:-
                   Memory is the important part of computer. All the data and information is a permanently stored.
              there are two types of memory in computer.

1. Primary Memory
2. Secondary Memory

1. Primary Memory- It is also called internal memory. It is primary storage location of the computer.

Primary memory are two types- 

1. RAM (Random Access Memory)- It is main working memory where all the processing data is done. It is directly access by CPU. It is also called Volatile Memory. (Volatile means when the power supply is switched off then everything get lost (erase). It is also called Read/Write memory because use we can read and write on this type of memory. 

RAM are also two types-
1. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)-

• Very low access time.
• No need of refreshing.
• It is used in cache memory.
• SRAM times more expensive.
• Four times more expensive.

2. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)-

• Low cast
• Consume less power.
• Need to be refreshing.
• It is used in main memory.
• Can store four times as much.

2. ROM (Read Only Memory)-  The user can not write on this type of memory. It is a Non-volatile memory that means no effect of power supply. The small program is stored in ROM that is read by the system every time when it startup. 

The example of ROM is BIOS chip. 

ROM are also three types=

1. PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory)-   The content of this memory can be programmed with the help of given instruction. 

2. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)- It is also a PROM the content of this memory can be erased by ultra violet rays (U.V Rays) and new program is re-written. 

3. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)-  The content of this Memory can be erased using electrical Pulse. 

Types of System Software. (IT Tools & Business System)

Types of system Software-    System Software are five types-

1. Translator- It is a system software that translate high level language tools low level language.
Translator are three types-
1. Interpreter-  It translate high level language to low level language line by line. 
2. Compiler-   It translate high level language to low level language at once. It is a faster than interpreter. 
3. Assembler- It translate assembly language to machine language. 

2. Operating System- It is a  system software. It is a special program control and manage over all operation of the computer system. 
                                                        operating system are two types- 
1. Single user operating system- It allow to work only one user at the time. 
Example- Ms-Dos,PC-DOS, windows-95 etc.
2. Multi user Operating system- It allow to work more than one user at the same time. 
Example- Unix, Linux,Xenix, windows 2012 server.

3. Utility Software- Utility Program are a collection of program that assets the users in performing routine task and in system maintain task. These program are used to boost up the performance of the computer. It is utility of the system. 
Example- All Antivirus like- Avira, Avast, McAfee, K7, Quick heal, Norton Antivirus etc. 

4. Drivers & System testing tools- A device drivers is a special software created by to facilitate the computer in communicating with the peripheral device like- Printer, Scanner and web-cam etc. 

5. DBMS (Data Base Management System)-   It role as an interface between user and database.
Example- Visual Fox pro, Ms-Access, SQL server, ORACLE etc. 

System Software. (IT Tools & Business System)

System Software-
                              System Software are designed for system purpose. They are used to perform computer related operation. 

example-   windows-xp, windows-8, windows-10, windows-7 etc,

Application Software. (IT Tools & Business System)

Application Software-
                                      Application software are those software that is based on any specific application. These software are developed on any application purpose.

Example- Tally, Photoshop, PowerPoint, excel, etc. 

What Is Hardware? (IT Tools & Business System)

Hardware-
                   All the physical component of a computer or parts of computer that is attached to a computer system is called hardware. They are repaired by tools.

Example- RAM, Mouse, Motherboard, etc. 

What is Software? (IT Tools & Business System)

Software-
                 Software is set of programs and instruction that is logically interconnected to each other, that enable a computer to perform a specific task. It enables to computer hardware for working.

Example- Ms-word, Paint, Page maker etc. 

                                                             

what is Plotter? (IT Tools & Business System)

Plotter- Plotter is a vector graphics printing output device that connect to a computer plotter print the output by moving a pen across the surface of a piece of paper. Plotter are commonly used in Technical drawing, Charts, Maps, Architectural drawing and CAD application. Where they use very large paper size and maintaining high resolution. Plotter can be found in sign shops. 

Plotter are two Types-

1. Flat Bed Plotter
2. Drum Plotter

What is Laser Printer? (IT Tools & Business System)

LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission Of Radiations)-  
                                                                                                                       A laser printer use laser beam and Dry-Ink (Toner) powder to produce  a fine pattern. They use a combination of laser and photo copier technology. The Toner is transfer to the paper and fixed in a permanent Image. They print the output page by page. They produce very high quality of image. 

            They are faster than other printer but they are expensive. They becoming very popular because of its printing quality, speed and noise less operation. 

            The speed of  this printer is 10 Pages to 200 pages per minute. 

NOTE- PPM= Page Per Minute

What is Printer ? (IT Tools & Business System)

Printer:- Printer is used for producing output on paper. Printer is an hard copy out device that is connect to computer system. Printer are two type.

1. Impact Printer
2. Non-impact Printer

Output Device. (IT Tools & Business System)

Output device is a device that accept input from the computer and display them to the output device.
there are two ways to display the output by the computer.

1. soft copy output-   
                                   soft copy output device is a output that is display on the screen it is temporary in nature. 

2. Hard copy Output- 
                                    when we taken out computer output on paper then this type of is called hard copy output. it is permanent in nature. 

soft copy output device-

CRT (Cathode ray Tube)- CRT is a vacuum tube that is used as a display screen in a computer. It is just like a television screen where the result of computer is displayed in this technology cathode ray falls on fluorescent coated screen and by reflecting rays makes picture. 

There are two types of CRT-

1. Monochrome CRT- It is also called black and white monitor. It used one electron gun. 

2. Color CRT- It has three different electron gun that emit Red, Green, Blue (RGB Color).
An other monitor is also available that uses CMYK Color. 
Note- Monitor is also called VDU. 

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)-  This technology works by blocking light. LCD is made a 2 pieces of polarised glass that contains a liquid crystal material. The main advantage of LCD is low power consumed. Light weight and better picture quality. 

TFT (Thin Film Transistor)

LED (Light emitting Diode)- Led is more thinner and more lighter than LCD. It is self back light emitting technology. It consumes less power than LCD. The Advantage of LED is that it solve the Angle problem no effect of sun-light, better picture quality and eco-friendly. 

Input Device. (IT Tools & Business System)

An input device accept data from the out side world and transfer. It in to a computer understandable from. 
         The Most commonly used input device can be classified in to different categories. 

1. Keyboard 

2. Pointing & Draw Device-

(a) Mouse

(b) Joystick

(c) Light Pen

(d) Touch Pen

(e) track Ball

3. Scanning Device-

(a) Scanner

(b) OMR

(c) MICR

(d) OCR

(e) Electronic card reader

(f) Smart card reader

(g) Audio input device

(h) web cam 

Some Popular Computer Of Olden days.

MARK-1   It was completed in 1944 and started form 1937 and gave the name Mark-1

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) -
                                                                                                It was designed by by a team led by Prof. J. Presper Eckert and John Mouchely developed in school named at Moore school of engineering, USA. ENIAC was completed a 1946. 

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) -
                                                                                                    EDVAC developed between 1947 and 1950. EDVAC was passed On started programme concept of John Van Newman.

EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)-
                                                                                                It was and early British Computer that was Construction by Maurice Wilker and his team at the University of Cambridge in England. 

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic  Computer)-
                                                                         UNIVAC was developed in 1951 It was the first digital Computer that was used for commercial purpose. 
                                                                                In 1952 IBM Introduced Various model of UNIVAC in Succession. 

History Of Computer. (IT Tools & Business System)

1. In 3000 BC. 'ABACUS' was developed in China that was used as a Counting device. 
2. In 1642  PASCAL'S calculator machine boss made for complex calculation by blase PASCAL'S.
3. In 1833 Mr. Charles Babbage made two machine. 
                           
                                1. Analytical Engine
                                2. Difference Engine
He was known as father of computer. 

4. In 1842, The first computer programmer Lady Augusta Ada Byron translated a paper of Babbage's Analytical engine and describing steps to use it. 

5. A new programming language 'Ada' was developed by her. 

6. In 1844, Mr George Boole gave the principle of Boolean logic. The value of which can be either 'True' Or 'False' it becomes easy to build reliable electronic circuit representing binary digits. 

  

        1 For 'ON'

        2 For 'OF'

7. In 1946 Mr. John Von Newman gave the concept of stored program. 

What Is Computer? (IT Tools & Business System)

Computer is an electronic Machine that takes Input, Process to It and give the Meaning full result. 

C               Common
O               Operating
M              Machine
P                Particular
U               Used for
T               Trade/Training
E               Education
R               Research